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Ettal, almost 900 meters above sea level, is located in a narrow mountain valley of the Western Alpine foothills. (map) Before the invention of the railroad, Ettal, although near one of the most important Alpine passes and on a connecting road between Augsburg and Italy, was off the beaten path and a three-and-a-half day trip to the capital city of the Duchy and Electorate of Bavaria. Nowadays one of the most travelled and most popular roads goes through Ettal. The large, castle-like grounds of the monastery are the result of a long historical development and demonstrates one of the main concerns of a Benedictine Abbey: An independent religious community which produces everything needed for life and thus has all the important workshops and undertakings, if possible within the confines of the monastery (and how could it have been otherwise with the ancient methods of transportation?). On the other hand a monastery in old Bavaria - and not only there - was incorporated into the system of the state and society and then since the late Middle Ages had jurisdiction over the legal system, administration and taxation probably comparable to a county administration nowadays. The baroque need for self-portrayal and representation materialized in the exterior form of the abbey grounds. These factors, of course, are now only a part of history, and today's monastic community in Ettal represents a special form of a Christian community within the Roman Catholic Church.
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